Effect of adhesive interaction on strain stiffening and dissipation in granular gels undergoing yielding

Stress induced yielding/fluidization in disordered solids, characterized by irreversibility and enhanced dissipation, is important for a wide range of industrial geological processes. Although, such phenomena thermal systems have been extensively studied, they remain poorly understood granular solids. Here, using oscillatory shear rheology in-situ optical imaging, we study energy dissipation dense suspension adhesive particles that forms yield stress solids far below the isotropic jamming point obtained limit hard-sphere repulsion. We find interesting non-linear flow regimes including intra-cycle strain stiffening plasticity strongly depend on applied amplitude ($\gamma_0$) particle volume fraction ($\phi$). demonstrate nonlinearity over entire parameter can be effectively captured dimensionless variable termed as normalized ($E_N$). Furthermore, imaging reveals irreversible rearrangements correlating with spatiotemporal fluctuations local velocity, nature which strikingly varies across yielding transition. By directly measuring critical packing fractions settling experiments, propose detailed phase diagram unravels role inter-particle interactions controlling properties system $\gamma_0$ $\phi$ values.